Peasant movements in India have played a significant role in shaping the agrarian structure, social justice, and political consciousness of rural society. These movements emerged as collective struggles by cultivators against exploitation by landlords, moneylenders, colonial authorities, and later against unequal land distribution, inadequate agricultural policies, and rural poverty. They have reflected the changing socio-economic and political conditions of Indian society from the colonial period to the post-independence era. One of the major features of peasant movements is their opposition to agrarian exploitation. During the colonial period, peasants suffered due to heavy land revenue demands, forced cultivation of cash crops, illegal taxes, indebtedness, and oppressive landlordism. Movements such as the Indigo Revolt (1859–60), Deccan Riots (1875), and Champaran Satyagraha (1917) were directed against these exploitative practices. These struggles highlighted the grievances of peasants and challenged unjust agrarian policies. Another important feature is their collective and organized nature. Peasant movements often involved large-scale participation of farmers across villages and regions. Organizations such as the