As a sustainable approach combining biological, cultural, physical, and chemical tools to regulate pest populations while minimizing economic, environmental, and human health risks, IPM combines essential aspects of efficacy and safety to meet expectations of those who produce and market commodities and of the general public. The traditional focus of those involved with production of commodities has resulted in investment of tremendous resources for IPM in agriculture for research, educational endeavors, and for applications on-farm. It is becoming increasingly apparent, however, that principles of IPM have utility in virtually any situation where some species have been ascribed pest status. For example, in nursery and greenhouse ornamental production reliance solely on chemical pesticides to limit insect and disease problems is giving way to IPM. In storage, processing, and distribution systems for cereal grains, unilateral reliance on chemicals for management of a variety of pests (insects, rodents, and microorganisms) is evolving toward integrated approaches with greater