Derive the mathematical expression for Beer-Lambert’s law. Give four factors which cause deviation from the law.
The Beer-Lambert law relates the attenuation of light to the properties of the material through which the light is traveling.
For each wavelength of light passing through the spectrometer, the intensity of the light passing through the reference cell is measured. This is usually referred to as Io - that's I for Intensity.
The intensity of the light passing through the sample cell is also measured for that wavelength - given the symbol, I. If I is less than Io, then the sample has absorbed some of the light (neglecting reflection of light off the cuvetter surface). A simple bit of math is then done in the computer to convert this into something called the absorbance of the sample - given the
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