The concept of the cycle of erosion is an important contribution to geomorphology, explaining how landscapes evolve over time under the influence of denudational processes. Two of the most influential theories are those proposed by William Morris Davis and Walther Penck. While both scholars attempted to explain the evolution of landforms, they differed significantly in their assumptions, methods, and interpretation of landscape development. William Morris Davis, an American geographer, introduced the Geographical Cycle or Cycle of Erosion in the late nineteenth century. His theory is based on the idea that landforms pass through a sequence of stages similar to the life cycle of a living organism. According to Davis, landscape development begins with rapid tectonic uplift followed by a long period of erosion under stable climatic conditions and without further crustal disturbances. The first stage is the youthful stage. During this stage, rivers possess steep gradients and high erosive power. Vertical erosion dominates, resulting in deep V-shaped valleys, waterfalls, rapids, gorges, and narrow interfluves. Relief is high, and drainage systems are not fully developed. The second stage is the mature stage. Here, vertical erosion decreases while lateral erosion becomes more significant. Valleys widen, tributaries become well integrated, meanders develop, and slopes become gentler. Relief reaches its maximum initially and then gradually begins to decline as erosion continues. The final stage is the old stage. In this stage, the landscape becomes almost level due to