Conative or behavioural disturbances refer to abnormalities in voluntary actions, motor activity, goal-directed behaviour, and psychomotor functioning. These disturbances are significant components of mental disorders and provide valuable clues for diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. Behavioural changes often reflect disturbances in thought, mood, perception, and cognition, making them important indicators of psychiatric illness. One of the most common behavioural disturbances is psychomotor agitation. It is characterized by excessive, purposeless motor activity such as pacing, restlessness, hand-wringing, fidgeting, or inability to remain seated. Psychomotor agitation is frequently observed in anxiety disorders, manic episodes of bipolar disorder, acute psychosis, and substance intoxication. Patients may appear tense, irritable, and unable to relax, which can interfere with daily functioning. In contrast, psychomotor retardation involves a marked slowing of physical movements, speech, and mental activity. Individuals may walk slowly, respond after long pauses, exhibit reduced facial expressions, and show diminished spontaneous movements. This disturbance is commonly associated with major depressive disorder, catatonia, and certain neurological disorders. Severe psychomotor retardation may impair self-care and occupational functioning. Catatonic behaviour represents a severe disturbance of motor activity and is seen in schizophrenia, mood disorders, and some medical conditions. Catatonia includes symptoms such as stupor, mutism, rigidity, negativism, posturing, waxy flexibility, stereotyped movements, echolalia, and echopraxia. Some