Supply Chain Management (SCM) is the integrated process of planning, sourcing, manufacturing, storing, transporting, and delivering goods and services from suppliers to end customers. Its objective is to ensure that the right product reaches the right customer at the right time, place, quantity, and cost. Despite advances in technology and management practices, supply chains face numerous challenges that affect operational efficiency, customer satisfaction, and organizational profitability. One of the major challenges is demand uncertainty. Customer preferences change rapidly due to market trends, seasonal variations, and economic conditions. Inaccurate demand forecasting leads to excess inventory, stock shortages, increased storage costs, and lost sales. Organizations must continuously update forecasts using market intelligence and data analytics. Supplier-related issues also present significant challenges. Dependence on a limited number of suppliers increases the risk of supply disruptions caused by financial instability, quality failures, labor disputes, or geopolitical events. Poor supplier performance directly affects production schedules and customer service. Developing reliable supplier relationships and multiple sourcing strategies is therefore essential. Inventory management is another critical challenge. Maintaining excessive inventory increases carrying costs, insurance expenses, and the risk of product obsolescence, while insufficient inventory results in production interruptions and customer dissatisfaction. Achieving the right inventory balance requires effective planning, coordination, and inventory control techniques. Transportation and logistics complexities further complicate supply chain operations. Rising fuel prices, traffic congestion, inadequate infrastructure, port delays, and increasing freight costs affect delivery schedules and overall logistics expenses. International supply chains face additional challenges such as customs procedures, cross-border regulations, and varying transportation standards. Globalization has expanded supply chain networks, making coordination more difficult. Organizations source