Question

Discuss the causes for the following common surgical conditions
a) Piles and hemorrhoids
b) Hernia
c) Varicose-veins

18 Aug 2026
Answer :
Word Count : 514
Piles or hemorrhoids, hernia, and varicose veins are common surgical conditions encountered in primary health care. Their causes may be related to increased pressure, weakness of supporting tissues, obstruction of blood flow, or other local and systemic factors. Piles and hemorrhoids are swollen and enlarged veins in the lower rectum and anus. They may be internal or external. The main cause is increased pressure in the veins of the anorectal region. Chronic constipation and repeated straining during defecation are important causes because they increase pressure on the hemorrhoidal veins. Prolonged sitting on the toilet and sedentary habits may also contribute. Pregnancy is another important cause because the enlarged uterus increases pressure on pelvic veins, while hormonal changes can
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