Convergent plate boundaries are zones where lithospheric plates move towards each other, leading to intense geotectonic activity and the development of distinctive geomorphological features. The nature of processes operating at these boundaries depends on the type of plates involved, namely oceanic–continental, oceanic–oceanic, or continental–continental convergence. Despite variations, these boundaries are universally associated with crustal deformation, seismicity, magmatism, and mountain building. In oceanic–continental convergence, the denser oceanic plate subducts beneath the lighter continental plate. This subduction process results in the formation of deep-sea trenches along the plate margin, such as the Peru–Chile Trench. As the oceanic slab descends into the mantle, it undergoes partial melting due to increasing temperature and pressure, releasing volatiles that induce melting in the overlying mantle wedge. The generated magma rises to form continental volcanic arcs, exemplified by the Andes. Compressional forces also cause folding, faulting, and crustal thickening in the continental margin, leading to the development of fold mountains and