Immigrant, refugee, and minority integration has been one of the defining features of Canada’s political and social landscape. Canada has historically welcomed newcomers, and the official adoption of multiculturalism in 1971 reinforced the idea that diverse cultures could coexist while contributing to a shared national identity. Immigration policies have been designed not only to attract skilled workers but also to accommodate refugees fleeing conflict and persecution. This openness has influenced the nature of Canadian society and politics, creating both opportunities and challenges in ensuring equitable integration. Immigrants have long played a central role in shaping Canada’s economy and demographics. Skilled migration programs bring professionals who fill labour shortages and enhance economic competitiveness. However, integration goes beyond economic participation. The Canadian polity has emphasized citizenship as a pathway for inclusion, granting immigrants political rights, access to education, healthcare, and equal protection under the law. Despite these mechanisms, issues such as employment discrimination, foreign credential recognition, and cultural adjustment continue to hinder full integration. These challenges often highlight tensions between the