Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism are two important concepts in Social and Cultural Anthropology that explain how people perceive, evaluate, and understand cultures different from their own. They are especially significant in anthropological research because culture influences people’s values, beliefs, customs, behaviour, and ways of interpreting the world. Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to judge other cultures according to the standards, values, beliefs, and practices of one’s own culture. An ethnocentric person considers their own culture as normal, superior, or more civilized, while viewing unfamiliar cultural practices as strange, backward, or inferior. The term was introduced by William Graham Sumner, who described ethnocentrism as the tendency to regard one’s own group as the centre and measure other groups against it. Ethnocentrism can be