Small group behavior plays a significant role in the management of tourism, as small groups are often the core units in touristic activities, ranging from guided tours to group-based travel experiences. While small group dynamics can promote engagement, sharing, and a sense of community, several issues may arise in such settings that need to be addressed for smooth and successful management. These issues include group cohesion, conflict management, communication barriers, and the challenge of catering to diverse needs and expectations.

One of the primary issues involved in small group behavior is group cohesion, which refers to the sense of solidarity or unity within the group. For tourism managers, fostering cohesion is critical, as it directly impacts the success of group activities. A cohesive group tends to work well together, share experiences, and enhance the overall enjoyment of the trip. However, if there is a lack of cohesion, it can result in fragmentation within the group, leading to feelings of isolation, exclusion, and dissatisfaction. This could arise from a variety of factors, such as differences