Education has occupied a central place in the ideas of Indian thinkers, who regarded it not merely as a means of acquiring knowledge but as a process of individual development, social reform, nation-building, and moral upliftment. Their educational philosophies were shaped by the social, cultural, political, and economic conditions of India and continue to influence the sociology of education. Mahatma Gandhi viewed education as an instrument of social transformation and self-reliance. His concept of Basic Education or Nai Talim emphasized learning through productive work. He believed that education should integrate intellectual, physical, and moral development while promoting dignity of labour. Gandhi argued that schools should be closely connected with community life and should cultivate equality, cooperation, and non-violence. He considered education essential for removing social inequalities such as caste discrimination and untouchability. Rabindranath Tagore advocated an education that promoted freedom, creativity, and harmony with nature. He criticized the rigid and examination-oriented colonial education system, which he believed suppressed imagination and individuality. Through Visva-Bharati, he sought to create an environment where students learned through interaction with nature, arts,