IGNOU BEVAE 181 2025 - Differentiate between the following terms by giving suitable exa

Question

Differentiate between the following terms by giving suitable examples in about 125words each:

(a) Primary and secondary succession

(b) Direct and indirect use value of biodiversity

06 Sep 2025

Answer :

Word Count : 275

Primary succession is the natural process by which life develops in areas where there was no previous community or soil. It starts on bare surfaces like newly formed volcanic islands, exposed rocks after glacier retreat, or sand dunes. The first organisms to colonize are pioneer species such as lichens, mosses, and certain microbes that can withstand harsh conditions. Over time, these organisms break down rocks into soil, allowing grasses, shrubs, and eventually trees to grow, leading to the development of a stable climax

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