Question
Differentiate between catastrophic, mass, and background extinctions with suitable examples from Earth's history.
Answer :
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Catastrophic, mass, and background extinctions are distinct types of species loss that have shaped Earth's biodiversity over geological time. Background extinctions refer to the continuous, low-level loss of species due to ordinary ecological and evolutionary processes. These extinctions occur at a relatively steady rate and often involve individual species unable to compete or adapt to changing local conditions. For example, the extinction of certain trilobite species in the late Paleozoic occurred gradually over millions of years without affecting large portions of biodiversity. Mass extinctions, on the other hand, are abrupt, large-scale events that result in the loss of a significant
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