Counselling is a structured, interactive process in which a trained counsellor helps an individual understand their problems, make informed decisions, and adopt healthier behaviours. In the context of HIV, counselling plays a crucial role in promoting prevention, treatment adherence, psychological well-being, and reduction of stigma. Supportive and behavioural techniques are two major categories used in counselling to achieve these goals. These techniques help clients cope emotionally while also encouraging positive changes in their behaviour. Supportive techniques focus on providing emotional strength, reassurance, and a safe environment for clients to express themselves. One of the most important supportive techniques is active listening. In this method, the counsellor listens attentively to the client without interruption, showing empathy and understanding through verbal and non-verbal cues such as nodding, maintaining eye contact, and using encouraging words. For example, a person newly diagnosed with HIV may feel fear and confusion. By listening carefully, the counsellor allows the client to express these emotions freely, which helps reduce anxiety and builds trust. Another supportive technique is empathy, which involves understanding the client’s feelings from their perspective. It is not merely sympathy but a deeper connection where the counsellor acknowledges the client’s emotional state. For instance, if a client expresses guilt about past risky behaviour, the counsellor might respond by saying that such feelings are understandable and that many people experience similar emotions. This approach helps the client feel accepted and less isolated. Reassurance is also a key supportive technique. Many individuals living with HIV may feel hopeless or fear death. The counsellor provides accurate information about treatment options such as antiretroviral therapy, which enables people to live long and healthy lives. By reassuring the client about the effectiveness of treatment and available support systems, the counsellor reduces fear and promotes a positive outlook. Another supportive approach is providing information and education. Clients often have misconceptions about HIV transmission and treatment. The counsellor provides clear, accurate, and relevant information tailored to the client’s