Damage assessment is a systematic process carried out after a disaster to determine the nature, extent, and severity of losses suffered by people, property, infrastructure, the environment, and the economy. It provides reliable information for emergency response, relief distribution, rehabilitation, reconstruction, and future disaster risk reduction planning. A well-organized damage assessment follows a sequence of interrelated activities to ensure that accurate and timely information is available to decision-makers. The first activity is preparedness for damage assessment. Before disasters occur, authorities prepare standard operating procedures, assessment formats, trained personnel, communication systems, and resource inventories. Teams are identified at national, state, district, and local levels. Baseline data on population, infrastructure, land use, public utilities, and critical facilities are maintained for comparison after a disaster. Modern technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, drones, and mobile-based applications are also integrated into preparedness plans. The second activity is the activation of assessment teams immediately after the occurrence of a disaster. Once the disaster has occurred and the