The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is a constitutional body established under Article 315 of the Constitution of India to ensure a fair, impartial, and merit-based recruitment system for the civil services of the Union. It serves as an independent agency responsible for selecting competent personnel for various civil services and posts under the Government of India. The Commission plays a crucial role in maintaining the efficiency, neutrality, and professionalism of the public administration by safeguarding recruitment from political influence and ensuring equal opportunities for all eligible candidates. The composition of the UPSC is provided under Article 316 of the Constitution. It consists of a Chairman and such number of members as the President of India may determine. The Chairman and members are appointed by the President. As a convention, nearly half of the members are persons who have held office under the Government of India or a State Government for at least ten years. This ensures that the Commission benefits from experienced administrators while maintaining a balanced composition. The members of the UPSC hold office for a term of six years or until they attain the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier. They may resign by addressing a resignation letter to the President. Their removal is governed by Article 317 of the Constitution. The Chairman or any member can be removed by the President on the grounds of misbehavior after an inquiry by the Supreme Court. They may also be removed on grounds such as insolvency, engaging in paid employment outside official duties, or physical or mental incapacity. These provisions protect the independence of the