Question
Describe the mechanisms of speciation.
Answer :
Word Count : 259
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Speciation is the evolutionary process by which new species arise from existing populations through the development of reproductive isolation. One of the primary mechanisms is allopatric speciation, which occurs when a population is geographically separated by physical barriers such as mountains, rivers, or oceans. This isolation prevents gene flow, allowing populations to diverge genetically through mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift, eventually leading to the formation of distinct species. Sympatric speciation takes place without geographical separation and is common in plants. It often results from polyploidy, where individuals possess multiple sets of chromosomes, leading to instant reproductive isolation
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