IGNOU MPS 1 2011 - Describe the various theories of rights

Question

Describe the various theories of rights

04 Jun 2018

Answer :

Word Count : 861

Rights are fundamental claims or entitlements that individuals or groups have, often seen as essential to the functioning of a just and fair society. Over time, political philosophers have developed several theories of rights, each offering a different perspective on the nature, source, and scope of rights. Below are some of the major theories of rights:

1. Natural Rights Theory:
Natural Rights Theory, closely associated with thinkers like John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, posits that rights are inherent to individuals by virtue of their human nature. These rights exist independently of government or legal systems, and they cannot be taken away by any authority. According to Locke, for example, individuals possess certain natural rights, such as life, liberty, and property, which governments must protect. The theory implies that rights are pre-existing and are not contingent upon any social or political agreement. These rights are seen as universal and inalienable, forming the foundation for the social contract.

2. Legal Rights Theory:
Legal Rights Theory, as developed by theorists such as Jeremy Bentham and H.L.A. Hart, emphasizes that rights are created and granted by legal systems. Unlike natural rights, legal rights are not pre-existing but are products of human institutions and laws. Bentham, in particular,

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