The Pala dynasty, which ruled large parts of eastern India, particularly Bengal and Bihar, from the eighth to the twelfth century, made significant contributions to the cultural development of early medieval India. Founded by Gopala around the middle of the eighth century, the dynasty reached its height under rulers such as Dharmapala and Devapala. The Palas were major patrons of Buddhism, education, art, architecture, literature and intellectual activities. The most important cultural contribution of the Palas was their patronage of Buddhism, especially Mahayana and Vajrayana traditions. Dharmapala and Devapala supported numerous Buddhist monasteries and educational centres. The Palas played a crucial role in the revival and development of Buddhism in eastern India at a time when it was declining in several other regions. Their cultural influence also extended beyond India to Tibet and Southeast Asia through Buddhist teachers, texts and institutions. The Palas were renowned for establishing and supporting important centres of