Remote sensing is the process of collecting data about an object or area without making physical contact with it. This technique is primarily used in geospatial analysis to gather information about the Earth’s surface, atmosphere, and other environmental factors. It involves the use of sensors placed on platforms such as satellites or aircraft, which capture electromagnetic radiation reflected or emitted by objects on the ground. Remote sensing data can be used for a wide range of applications, including land use and land cover mapping, environmental monitoring, disaster management, and military reconnaissance. The basic principle behind remote sensing is the detection of energy reflected or emitted from the Earth's surface. Different materials, such as water, vegetation, and urban areas, reflect or absorb different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. By analyzing this reflected radiation, remote sensing systems can infer various characteristics of the surface, such as temperature, vegetation health, or the presence of water bodies. Remote sensing systems typically use two types of sensors: passive and active. Passive sensors detect natural energy, usually from the sun, that is reflected or emitted by objects on the Earth's surface. These sensors measure the amount of energy in various spectral bands, such as visible, infrared, and thermal infrared. An example of a passive sensor is the Landsat