Describe the clinical features and methods of prevention of the following
i. Anaemia
ii. Iodine deficiency disorders
i.Symptoms of Anemia -
· Fatigue/ lack of energy
· Shortness of breath
· Headaches
· Heart palpitations
· Pale complexion
· In severe cases, spoon shaped nails (koilonychia)
· Numbness or hands and feet
· Low body temperature
The symptoms of anemia vary according to the type of anemia, the underlying cause, the severity and any underlying health problems, such as hemorrhaging, ulcers, menstrual problems, or cancer. Specific symptoms of those problems may be noticed first.
The body also has a remarkable ability to compensate for early anemia. If your anemia is mild or has developed over a long period of time, you may not notice any symptoms.
Symptoms common to many types of anemia include the following:
- Easy fatigue and loss of energy
- Unusually rapid heart beat, particularly with exercise
- Shortness of breath and headache, particularly with exercise
- Difficulty concentrating
- Dizziness
- Pale skin
- Leg cramps
- Insomnia
Other symptoms are associated with specific forms of anemia.
Anemia Caused by Iron Deficiency
People with an iron deficiency may experience these symptoms:
- A hunger for strange substances such as paper, ice, or dirt (a condition called pica)
- Upward curvature of the nails, referred to as koilonychias
- Soreness of the mouth with cracks at the corners
Anemia Caused by Vitamin B12 Deficiency
People whose anemia is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B12 may have these symptoms:
A tingling, "pins and
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