IGNOU CHE 9 2016 - Describe the classification of carbohydrates giving examples for each

Question

Describe the classification of carbohydrates giving examples for each class.

23 Nov 2017

Answer :

Word Count : 763

Classification of Carbohydrates As we know, carbohydrates or glucids are polyhydroxylated aldehydes or ketones, their derivatives and polymers. Glucose is a typical example of carbohydrates.

Image ignouacademy-com--p-examples-30244

Observe that glucose has an aldehyde group (drawed in red) and five hydroxyl groups.

Most of carbohydrates are present with a cyclic structure in nature, as a consequence of internal linkages between the carbonyl carbon (of the aldehyde or ketone group) with one of the hydroxyl groups in the same molecule. This graphic represents glucose in a cyclic form:

Image ignouacademy-com--p-2016-35030

Considering the polymerization degree (PD) of carbohydrates, they can be classified in Monosaccharides, Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides.

Monosaccharides:

Monosaccharides are formed by a single molecule. It means that when hydrolyzed they cannot release simpler molecules. Examples of this group of carbohydrates are glucose, ribose and fructose, among others.

Monosaccharides can be sub classified according to different criteria, for example:

According to the main (carbonyl) function:

If the carbonyl group belongs to an aldehyde function, the monosaccharide is classified as an aldose. Glucose is a typical aldose. If the main function is a ketone, then the monosaccharide is classified as a ketose.

Fructose (see structure below) is a

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