Sheep and goat production in India plays an important role in the rural economy and livelihood of small and marginal farmers. These animals are well suited to the diverse agro-climatic conditions of the country and require relatively low investment. Different production systems have developed in India depending on factors such as climate, availability of grazing land, traditional practices, and socio-economic conditions of rural communities. One of the most common systems is the extensive or grazing system. In this system, sheep and goats are reared mainly on natural pastures, fallow lands, forest areas, and community grazing lands. Animals move long distances in search of food and water, and farmers provide minimal supplementary feed. This system is mostly practiced by pastoral communities such as the Raikas, Gujjars, and Dhangars in states like Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Maharashtra. The cost of production is low because animals depend mainly on natural vegetation, but productivity is also relatively low due to poor nutrition and limited veterinary care. Another important system is the semi-intensive system. In this method, animals are allowed to graze for part of the day and are also provided with additional feed such as crop residues, green fodder, and concentrates at home. This system is commonly practiced