Smart cities represent a transformative model of urban development that combines technology, sustainability, and citizen-centric planning to create livable, efficient, and environmentally responsible urban spaces. The central idea of a smart city is to integrate advanced information and communication technologies (ICT), data-driven governance, and innovative infrastructure solutions to address the pressing challenges of urbanization such as overcrowding, pollution, energy demands, and inadequate services. Smart cities aim to improve the quality of life for citizens, enhance resource efficiency, and ensure long-term sustainability through intelligent planning and management. One of the key characteristic features of smart cities is the use of digital technology in governance and infrastructure. Smart governance involves e-governance platforms, real-time data monitoring, and open access to information for citizens. These initiatives improve transparency, accountability, and efficiency in the delivery of public services. Another defining feature is smart mobility, which includes integrated public transport systems, the use of electric and autonomous vehicles, and traffic management systems powered by real-time data. This reduces congestion, lowers emissions, and makes commuting more convenient and sustainable. Similarly, smart energy systems, such as smart grids, renewable energy integration, and energy-efficient buildings, form another core element of smart cities, ensuring reliable, clean, and affordable power for urban populations. Waste and water management also play a critical role in smart city planning. Smart water systems use sensors to monitor leakage, optimize water distribution, and reduce