Disempowerment of tribal communities refers to the historical and social process through which indigenous groups have gradually lost control over their resources, institutions, cultural practices, political authority, and decision-making powers. It is a complex process shaped by colonial rule, state policies, economic exploitation, social discrimination, and unequal development practices. The process has affected tribal communities by weakening their traditional systems and reducing their ability to manage their own affairs. One of the major factors responsible for tribal disempowerment has been the alienation of land and natural resources. Traditionally, tribal communities depended on forests, rivers, and land for their livelihood and cultural identity. Their relationship with nature was based on collective ownership and sustainable use. However, colonial forest laws and later developmental policies restricted tribal access to forests and transferred control of natural resources to the state. The introduction of private property systems, commercial agriculture,