Aristotle’s conception of civil society is intricately connected to his broader philosophy of politics, ethics, and human nature. He viewed human beings as inherently social and political animals, and he believed that the formation of communities was a natural extension of human instincts. According to Aristotle, humans do not exist in isolation; instead, they reach their fullest potential only within a structured society. This perspective underscores the foundational role of civil society in enabling individuals to pursue a good and virtuous life. For Aristotle, civil society is not merely an aggregation of individuals, but a cohesive and organized community designed to facilitate collective well-being, moral development, and the realization of justice. Aristotle distinguished between different levels of human association, beginning with the family, then the village, and finally the polis, or city-state. The polis represents the highest form of human association, where individuals come together not only for survival or economic needs but also for the pursuit of ethical and political excellence. In this context, civil society functions as a space in which citizens actively engage in governance, participate in public deliberation, and cultivate virtues such as courage, temperance, and justice. Aristotle emphasized that the quality of a political regime directly impacts the flourishing of civil society, as different forms of governance create varying conditions for civic engagement and moral development. He classified political regimes into three “correct” forms—monarchy, aristocracy, and polity—and their corresponding “deviant” forms—tyranny, oligarchy, and democracy. While monarchy concentrates power in one ruler, aristocracy vests authority in a few virtuous leaders, and polity distributes power