Question
Depict the following through clear and labeled diagram:
i) T.S. of needle of Pinus
ii) T.S. of coralloid root of Cycas with magnified view of algal zone.
iii) Cross section through the vascular bundle of Zea stem showing Y shaped xylem.
iv) L.S. of bulb of onion
Answer :
Word Count : 463
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In Pinus, the transverse section of the needle shows a well-adapted structure for xerophytic conditions. The epidermis is covered by a thick cuticle, followed by hypodermis composed of several layers of compact cells. The mesophyll is differentiated into palisade cells and spongy tissue, with resin canals scattered throughout the tissue. The vascular bundle is surrounded by endodermis and consists of xylem and phloem arranged in a collateral manner. The xylem is oriented toward the inner side while the phloem faces the outer side. A central resin duct is present, which helps in secretion and defense. Stomata are sunken and occur in multiple rows, aiding in water conservation. The coralloid root of Cycas exhibits a unique symbiotic relationship with cyanobacteria. Its transverse section shows an outer epidermis followed by a multilayered cortex. The central region is occupied by a stele with vascular tissues. The distinguishing feature is the presence of a specialized algal zone in the cortex, where cyanobacteria reside. This zone appears as a greenish layer under magnification, indicating nitrogen fixation activity. The endodermis surrounds the stele and is followed by centrally located xylem and
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