Theory is a systematic set of concepts, definitions, assumptions, and propositions that explains relationships among variables and helps understand social phenomena. In social work research, theory plays a central role in guiding the entire research process. It provides a framework for identifying research problems, formulating hypotheses, selecting appropriate methods, interpreting findings, and developing practical interventions. Since social work deals with complex human behavior and social systems, theories such as Systems Theory, Ecological Theory, Social Learning Theory, Conflict Theory, and Empowerment Theory help researchers understand the interaction between individuals, families, groups, communities, and institutions. The role of theory begins with the identification of a research problem. A theory enables the researcher to understand existing knowledge and identify gaps that require investigation. It provides direction by suggesting what variables should be studied and how they may be related. For example, a researcher studying child neglect may use Ecological Theory to examine the influence of family, community, and societal factors rather than focusing only on parental behavior. Theory assists in the formulation of research questions and hypotheses. It predicts expected relationships between variables based on logical reasoning and previous evidence. Hypotheses derived from theory can be tested empirically, contributing to the verification, modification, or rejection of existing theories. Thus, theory promotes cumulative knowledge by linking individual studies with broader scientific understanding. Another important role of