What do you understand by PESA? What are the mandatory powers of Gram Sabha or Panchayats in PESA Act, 1996?
Understanding PESA (Panchayats Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996:
The Panchayats Extension to Scheduled Areas (PESA) Act, enacted in 1996, is a significant legislation aimed at empowering local self-governance in scheduled areas, predominantly inhabited by tribal communities. This legislation recognizes the distinctive cultural, social, and economic aspects of these areas and seeks to provide self-rule to the people living there through their traditional Gram Sabhas and Panchayats. PESA is crucial for ensuring the democratic and inclusive development of these regions.
Mandatory Powers of Gram Sabha or Panchayats under PESA Act, 1996:
1. Self-Governance and Autonomy:
- One of the fundamental principles of PESA is to grant autonomy to Gram Sabhas and Panchayats in scheduled areas. The Act recognizes their right to self-governance, allowing them to make decisions on various aspects that affect their lives.
2. Land and Natural Resources:
- Gram Sabhas have the authority to manage and control community resources, including land and water. They can regulate the use of minor forest produce, prevent the alienation of land, and have a say in the resettlement and rehabilitation of affected persons due to developmental projects.
3. Social Justice:
- PESA emphasizes social justice and ensures the protection of the rights of marginalized communities. Gram Sabhas have the power to safeguard and preserve
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