Question
Define psychology. Discuss the various principles of critical thinking as proposed by
Rathus.
Answer :
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Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, including conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as thought. It is an academic discipline of immense scope and diverse interests that, when taken together, seek an understanding of the emergent properties of brains, and all the variety of epiphenomena they manifest. As a social science it aims to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases.
Rathus opines that psychologists have scientific principles like critical thinking to guide them. This critical thinking, according to Psychologists like McGovern develop the following thinking skills:
- Development of skepticism about explanations and conclusions.
- The ability to inquire about causes and events.
- Increased curiosity about behavior. Knowledge about research methods.
- The ability to analyse arguments critically.
- Critical thinking, according to Beyer means reasoned judgments.
Following are the principles of critical thinking given by Rathus (2008):
- Be Skeptical: It
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