Question
Critically examine the Rights available to Forest Dwellers in the light of legal
provisions and Courts Judgments.
Answer :
Word Count : 771
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Skip in 10
The rights of forest dwellers in India have evolved through constitutional provisions, statutory laws, judicial interpretation, and international commitments. Historically, forest-dependent communities, including Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers, were denied legal recognition of their customary rights due to colonial forest laws and centralized forest administration. The enactment of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, commonly known as the Forest Rights Act (FRA), marked a significant shift by recognizing the traditional rights of forest communities while promoting sustainable forest management. However, the implementation of these rights has faced legal, administrative, and judicial challenges. The Constitution of India provides a strong foundation for protecting the interests of forest dwellers. Article 21 guarantees the right to life, which has been judicially interpreted to include livelihood and a healthy environment. Articles 14 and 15 ensure equality and prohibit discrimination, while Article 46 directs the State to promote the educational and economic interests of Scheduled Tribes and protect them from exploitation. The Fifth and Sixth Schedules provide special governance mechanisms for tribal areas. The Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 (PESA) further empowers Gram Sabhas to manage natural resources and safeguard customary rights. The
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