The idea of peace in the Indian tradition has evolved over thousands of years through philosophical reflection, religious teachings, ethical practices, and the contributions of saints and reformers. Rather than viewing peace merely as the absence of war, Indian thought understands it as a state of harmony within the individual, society, nature, and the universe. This broad conception has influenced social values, political thought, and spiritual practices across different historical periods. The earliest foundations of peace are found in the Vedas. The Rigveda contains prayers seeking harmony among people, while the Yajurveda and Atharvaveda include the famous Shanti Mantras that invoke peace in the heavens, the atmosphere, the earth, plants, waters, and all living beings. These prayers reflect a holistic worldview where peace is inseparable from cosmic order or *Rta*. Human beings were expected to live according to moral and natural laws to maintain universal balance. The Upanishads further developed the concept by emphasizing inner peace through self-realization. According to these texts, ignorance and attachment are the root causes of suffering and conflict. True peace can only be achieved by realizing the unity of the individual soul (*Atman*) with the universal reality (*Brahman*). Thus, peace becomes an inner spiritual experience rather than merely an external social condition. The Bhagavad Gita presents a more complex understanding of peace. It advocates self-control, detachment from the fruits of action, and performance of one's duty (*Dharma*). Although the Gita is set on a battlefield, it does not glorify violence. Instead, it teaches that peace arises from righteous conduct, moral discipline, and freedom from selfish desires. However, critics argue that its justification of war under certain circumstances creates tension between the ideals of non-violence and the demands of justice. Buddhism and Jainism made profound contributions by placing non-violence (*Ahimsa*)