The Mughal policy towards the Rajput states represents one of the most significant and strategic dimensions of Mughal imperial diplomacy and governance in medieval India. The Rajputs, known for their martial valor, autonomy, and entrenched socio-political traditions, held key positions in north and western India. The Mughals, recognizing their strength and influence, adopted a mix of conciliation, alliance, and coercion. From Akbar to Aurangzeb, the Mughal approach evolved in accordance with changing political circumstances, imperial priorities, and individual emperors' ideologies. A critical examination of these policies reveals both pragmatic statecraft and points of conflict that ultimately shaped the trajectory of Mughal-Rajput relations. During the reign of Babur, the founder of the Mughal dynasty in India, the Rajput challenge was militarily significant. The most notable confrontation was the Battle of Khanwa in 1527, where Babur defeated Rana Sanga of Mewar. This victory broke the collective Rajput resistance but did not result in their full subjugation. Babur did not pursue a policy of alliance with Rajputs, mainly due to his preoccupation with consolidating control over the Delhi Sultanate territories and his lack of long-term imperial ambition at that stage. Humayun’s reign was largely unstable and did not allow for the formation of a coherent policy towards the Rajputs. His exile and the resurgence of Afghan power under Sher Shah Suri further weakened central authority, allowing Rajput states to maintain their autonomy and even expand influence in some regions. It was under Akbar (1556–1605) that the Mughal policy towards the Rajputs underwent a fundamental transformation. Akbar adopted a policy of conciliation and strategic alliances through diplomacy and matrimonial relations. The most important turning point was his alliance with the Kachhwaha rulers of Amber, notably Raja Bharmal, whose daughter Jodha Bai was married to Akbar. This alliance set the precedent for a series of matrimonial alliances with Rajput houses. Akbar respected Rajput autonomy, allowed them to retain their titles and territories, and provided high positions in the Mughal administration and military. This resulted in the incorporation of prominent Rajput rulers such as Raja Man Singh and Todar Mal into the imperial service. Akbar's policy served multiple purposes. It ensured the loyalty of powerful regional rulers, helped integrate diverse groups into the Mughal administrative system, and reduced the need for prolonged military campaigns in Rajputana.