What are the types and characteristics of urban waste? Briefly give the deficiencies in the
management of solid waste.
Urban waste can be broadly categorized into three types.
i) Construction and Demolition Waste
Construction and demolition waste is that waste which is generated during the course of repair, maintenance, and construction activities comprises
bricks, stones, tiles, cement concrete, wood, and so forth. Such waste is generally not stored by the waste generator within its premises until disposal. By and large, these wastes are deposited just outside the premises on the streets or in open spaces and may hinder traffic and adversely affect the aesthetics of the city.
ii) IndustrialWaste
Many cities and towns have small and large industries within the city limits. Those industries produce hazardous and nonhazardous industrial waste, which the industries must dispose of following the standards laid down under hazardous waste management rules framed by the government of India and following directions given by CPCB and by state pollution control boards. In practice, however, very few sites are authorized for the disposal of industrial waste in the country; hence, compliance is weak. Some states do not have even a single facility for disposal of industrial waste. Industrial solid waste is, therefore, disposed of in an unscientific manner, often surreptitiously on open plots or on the roadside, thereby creating environmental
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