Cost Concept
According to this concept, all transactions and events are recorded in the book" of
account at the actual price involved. This price is called cost. All assets are carried in the
books of accounts from year to year at their acquisition cost (also called historical cost)
irrespective of any change in their market value. Acquisition cost is considered highly
objective, reliable, definite and free from bias. Thus when a machine is purchased for Rs.
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The following is the Trial Balance of a trader as at 31st December, 2001:
Adjustments:
- Stock at the end was Rs. 78,600
- Included amongst the debtors is Rs. 3,000 due from Zeenat and included amongst the creditors is Rs. 1,000 due to her.
- The effect of advertising not yet expired, a quarter of the amount ‘Printing and Advertising’ is to be carried forward to the next year.
- Reserve 2 per cent for discount on Debtors and create a bad debts reserve at 5 percent.
- A depreciation of 10% p.a. is to be written off Furniture and fittings.
- Wages owing on 31st December, 2001 is Rs. 300, salaries owing Rs. 500 and carriage owing Rs. 100.
- Prepaid insurance is Rs. 80.
- Furniture which stood at Rs. 600 in books Ist January, 2001 was disposed of at Rs. 290 on June, in part exchange for new furniture costing Rs. 520. A net invoice at Rs. 230 was passed through the purchase-day book.
- Purchase Invoice amounting to Rs. 400 had been omitted from the books.
- A Neon-sign costing Rs. 100 is included in Advertising.
- Two dishonored cheques for Rs. 200 and Rs. 300 respectively has not been entered in the cast book. The first for Rs. 200 is known to be bad. In the case of a second cheque for Rs. 300, it is expected that 75% of it would be realized.
- Private purchase amounting to Rs. 600 had been included in the Purchase Day Book.
- Charge full year’s interest on Deposit with Pran at 7% p.a.
- Provide for interest on Bank loan for the amount due.
Prepare Final Accounts.
Money Measurement Concept
Discuss the concept of working capital what shall be the repercussions if the firm has
- Shortage of working capital
- Excess of working capital
Concept of conservatism
What is dividend and why is dividend decision important?
The capital structure of Bombay Refrigeration Company Ltd. Consists of an equity share capital of Rs. 3, 00,000 (share of Rs. 10 par value) and Rs. 3,00,000 10% debentures. Sales increased by 20% from 30,000 to 36,000 units, the selling price is Rs. 10 per unit. Variable cost Rs.6 Per unit and fixed costs amount to Rs. 50,000 The company’s tax rate is 50%.
You are required to compute the degree of operating leverage, degree of financial leverage and degree of combined leverage.
The following details relates to the two machines X and Y:
Annual income after tax and depreciation:
Overhauling charges at the end of third year Rs. 25,000 on machine X. Depreciation has been charged at straight line method. Discount rate is 10%? P.V.F. at 10% for five years are 0.909, 0.826, 0.751, 0.683 and 0.621. Suggest which project should be accepted.