What are transducers? Explain how a polymer capacitor is used as a humidity transducer.
A transducer is an electronic device that converts energy from one form to another. Common examples include microphones, loudspeakers, thermometers, position and pressure sensors, and antenna. Although not generally thought of as transducers, photocells, LEDs (light-emitting diodes), and even common light bulbs are transducers.
The humidity sensor is a small capacitor consisting of ahygroscopic dielectric mate- rial placed between
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The interaction energy between two atoms is given by 
where r
is the inter-atomic separation. Show that for the particles to be in equilibrium,
and show that in stable equilibrium the energy of attraction is
seven times the energy of repulsion.
Calculate the relaxation time of electrons in silver assuming that each silver atom contributes one free electron for conduction. The density of silver is 10.5×103 kg m−3, conductivity of silver is 6.8 × 107 Ω −1m−1 and the atomic weight of silver is 107.9 u.
List the symmetries of the H2O molecule.
Determine the conditions governing geometrical structure factor for an fcc lattice.
Is reflection observed from the (111) and (211) planes of the fcc structur
Given that the maximum wavelength of the photon required to break up a Cooper pair in tin is 1.08 × 10−3m, calculate the energy gap.
Describe how photolithography is used for production of nanostructures.
Determine the mean radius of the He atom given that its molar diamagnetic susceptibility is −1.9 × 10−6cm3 mol−1.