Urine is an important biological specimen in forensic investigations because it provides valuable information about an individual's physiological condition, exposure to drugs, toxins, and certain diseases. Although forensic anthropology primarily focuses on the identification of human skeletal remains, urine analysis can contribute to the broader forensic examination when soft tissues or fresh remains are available. Urine is composed mainly of water, along with urea, creatinine, uric acid, electrolytes, hormones, and metabolic waste products. Since many substances are excreted through urine, it serves as an excellent sample for toxicological analysis. Forensic experts examine urine to detect alcohol, narcotics, prescription drugs, poisons, and performance-enhancing substances. Such findings help establish