Question
Briefly describe how glucose homeostasis is maintained in humans.
Answer :
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Glucose homeostasis in humans is a tightly regulated physiological process that ensures stable blood glucose levels, which is critical for supplying energy to cells, especially the brain. The maintenance of glucose levels involves a complex interplay between hormones, mainly insulin and glucagon, secreted by the pancreas, and the actions of various tissues including the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. After a meal, blood glucose levels rise, stimulating pancreatic β-cells to release insulin. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by muscle and adipose tissues through the translocation of GLUT4 transporters to the cell membrane. It also stimulates glycogenesis in the liver, converting
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