The Bhopal Gas Tragedy stands as one of the most catastrophic industrial disasters in human history, highlighting the profound impact of human-environment interactions when industrial safety and environmental management are neglected. Occurring on the night of December 2–3, 1984, in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, the disaster resulted from a massive accidental release of methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas from a pesticide plant owned by Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL). This tragic event exposed the vulnerabilities in industrial operations, regulatory oversight, and emergency preparedness, ultimately leaving a lasting mark on environmental health and human welfare. The human environment encompasses the interaction between people and their surroundings, including the physical, social, and built environments. In the context of Bhopal, these interactions were critically disturbed due to industrial negligence and inadequate risk management. The UCIL plant was located in the heart of Bhopal, surrounded by densely populated residential areas. The proximity of the plant to human settlements significantly magnified the disaster’s impact. The release of toxic gas created an immediate environmental hazard, contaminating the air, soil, and water in surrounding neighborhoods, and demonstrating how industrial hazards can profoundly alter human environments. The chemical reaction that led to the gas release was triggered by water entering a storage tank containing MIC. This exothermic reaction caused the temperature and pressure inside the tank to rise rapidly, resulting in the accidental release of over 40 tons of MIC gas. The toxic cloud spread over a radius of several kilometers, affecting hundreds of thousands of people. The human exposure to MIC, a highly reactive and poisonous compound, caused immediate respiratory distress, eye irritation, vomiting, and in severe cases, death within hours. The environmental exposure pathways included inhalation, dermal contact, and indirect contamination of local water sources, all of which demonstrated the close interdependence of human health and environmental conditions. The immediate human toll of the disaster was staggering. Official reports estimate that approximately 3,700 people died within the first few days, while long-term fatalities are believed to have reached over 15,000 due to chronic health complications. More than half a million people suffered various degrees of injuries, including lung damage, eye problems, neurological impairments, and reproductive issues. The disaster disproportionately affected the vulnerable sections of society, including women, children, and the elderly, highlighting how environmental disasters exacerbate social inequalities and place a heavier burden on marginalized populations. The Bhopal