Measuring supply chain management performance in healthcare organisations is critical due to the direct impact it has on patient care, operational efficiency, and cost control. Unlike other sectors, healthcare supply chains deal with life-saving products such as medicines, surgical instruments, and medical devices, where delays, shortages, or inefficiencies can have serious consequences. Therefore, systematic performance measurement enables healthcare organisations to ensure the availability of the right products, in the right quantity, at the right time, and at optimal cost while maintaining high quality standards. One of the primary reasons for measuring supply chain performance is to enhance visibility and control over complex operations. Healthcare supply chains involve multiple stakeholders including suppliers, distributors, hospitals, and regulatory bodies. Without proper measurement systems, it becomes difficult to identify inefficiencies such as overstocking, stockouts, wastage, or delays. Performance measurement provides data-driven insights that help managers monitor processes, detect bottlenecks, and make informed decisions. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) play a central role in evaluating supply chain performance. KPIs are quantifiable metrics that reflect how effectively supply chain objectives are being achieved. In healthcare, common KPIs include inventory turnover rate, order fulfillment rate, stockout frequency, lead time, and procurement cost per unit. For example, a high inventory turnover rate indicates efficient inventory management, while frequent stockouts may signal poor demand forecasting or supplier issues. KPIs help healthcare organisations align their supply chain activities with strategic goals such as cost reduction, improved patient service, and regulatory compliance. KPIs also facilitate performance comparison over time and across departments. By tracking KPIs regularly, healthcare managers can identify trends and measure the impact of improvement initiatives. For instance, if the lead time for medical supplies decreases after implementing a new procurement system, it indicates improved efficiency. Similarly, monitoring supplier performance KPIs such as on-time delivery and quality compliance ensures accountability and helps in selecting reliable suppliers. Efficiency ratios are another important tool for assessing supply chain performance. These ratios measure how well resources are utilized within the supply chain. In healthcare, efficiency ratios may include inventory carrying cost ratio, order processing cost ratio, and asset utilization ratio. These metrics help organisations