Question

 Analyse the basic philosophy of the Object-Oriented (OO) paradigm. Contrast it from the classical Structured Analysis and Design approach, specifically focusing your evaluation on data-control coupling, computational encapsulation, and long-term system maintainability.

30 Jul 2026
Answer :
Word Count : 632
The Object-Oriented (OO) paradigm is based on the philosophy that software systems should be designed by modelling real-world entities as objects that combine both data and behaviour. It views a system as a collection of interacting objects, where each object represents an entity with its own state, responsibilities, and operations. The fundamental concepts of the OO paradigm include objects, classes, abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. These concepts aim to create software that is closer to real-world thinking and easier to develop, modify, and reuse. In the OO approach, a class acts as a blueprint for creating objects. Objects contain data in the form of attributes and functions in the form of methods that operate on that data. Encapsulation ensures that an object’s internal details are hidden from other objects and can only be accessed through well-defined interfaces. Abstraction allows designers to focus on essential features while ignoring unnecessary implementation details. Inheritance promotes reuse by allowing new classes to acquire properties and behaviours from existing classes, while polymorphism enables objects of different classes to respond differently to the same operation. The classical Structured Analysis and Design (SA&D) approach follows a function-oriented philosophy. It views a software system
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