Question
18वीं-19वीं शताब्दी में आधुनिकीकरण की दिशा में ब्रिटिश राज्य के महत्वपूर्ण कदमों का वर्णन कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 806
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Skip in 10
18वीं और 19वीं शताब्दी में ब्रिटिश राज्य द्वारा उठाए गए कदमों ने आधुनिकता की दिशा में विश्व इतिहास को एक निर्णायक मोड़ प्रदान किया। इस कालखंड में औद्योगिक क्रांति के माध्यम से उत्पादन प्रणाली, सामाजिक संरचना, राजनीतिक संस्थाओं और आर्थिक नीतियों में गहन परिवर्तन हुए। ब्रिटेन न केवल इन परिवर्तनों का अग्रदूत बना, बल्कि उसने ऐसे संस्थागत और नीतिगत ढाँचे विकसित किए, जिन्होंने आधुनिक राज्य के स्वरूप को परिभाषित किया। सबसे महत्वपूर्ण कदम औद्योगिकीकरण को बढ़ावा देना था। ब्रिटिश राज्य ने निजी संपत्ति के अधिकारों की सुरक्षा, पेटेंट कानूनों की स्थापना और निवेश के अनुकूल वातावरण का निर्माण किया। इससे तकनीकी नवाचार को प्रोत्साहन मिला और मशीन आधारित उत्पादन तेजी से विकसित हुआ। कपड़ा उद्योग, लौह-इस्पात उद्योग और कोयला खनन जैसे क्षेत्रों में क्रांतिकारी बदलाव आए। रेलवे और नहरों के निर्माण ने परिवहन को सुलभ बनाया, जिससे बाजारों का विस्तार हुआ और राष्ट्रीय अर्थव्यवस्था का एकीकरण संभव हुआ। कृषि क्षेत्र में भी ब्रिटिश राज्य ने महत्वपूर्ण सुधार किए। एन्क्लोजर आंदोलन के माध्यम से सामुदायिक भूमि को निजी स्वामित्व में परिवर्तित किया गया, जिससे वैज्ञानिक खेती को बढ़ावा
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