Geography is the study of the Earth's surface, the relationships between people and their environment, and the spatial organization of natural and human phenomena. One of the central concerns of geography is the understanding of spatial problems. A spatial problem refers to any issue that involves the location, distribution, pattern, movement, interaction, or arrangement of objects and events across geographic space. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provide an effective framework for identifying, analyzing, and solving such problems through the integration of spatial and attribute data. Spatial problems arise because different geographical phenomena are unevenly distributed over the Earth's surface. Population, industries, forests, water resources, transportation networks, health facilities, and agricultural lands are all distributed differently across regions. Understanding why these variations occur and how they influence human activities forms the basis of geographical analysis. Geography seeks to explain not only where things are located but also why they are located there and what consequences result from their distribution. One of the fundamental spatial questions in geography is location. Geographers investigate the exact position of natural features, settlements, industries, and public services. GIS helps determine precise locations using