Question
What is the National Rural Livelihood Mission? Describe its role in women empowerment.
Answer :
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The National Rural Livelihood Mission is a flagship poverty alleviation programme of the Government of India launched in 2011 by restructuring the Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana. It is implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development with the objective of reducing rural poverty by enabling poor households to access gainful self-employment and skilled wage employment opportunities. The Mission adopts a demand-driven, participatory and community-based approach, focusing on building strong grassroots institutions of the poor, particularly women, and providing them sustained financial and livelihood support. It aims to cover all rural poor households identified through participatory identification of poor and vulnerable groups, with a special emphasis on women-headed households, Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, minorities and other disadvantaged sections. At the core of the National Rural Livelihood Mission lies the strategy of social mobilization through Self-Help Groups, federated into Village Organizations and Cluster Level Federations. These institutions act as platforms for collective action, financial inclusion, livelihood promotion and social empowerment. Women constitute the primary membership of Self-Help Groups under the Mission, making NRLM one of the largest women-centric development programmes in the world. By organizing women into stable and sustainable community institutions, the Mission enhances their bargaining power within households, markets and governance structures. One of the most significant roles of NRLM in women empowerment is economic empowerment through financial inclusion. The Mission promotes regular savings, internal lending and access to institutional credit through banks. Women Self-Help Groups are linked with banks under the SHG–Bank Linkage Programme, enabling women to access affordable credit without collateral. This reduces their dependence on moneylenders and strengthens their control over financial resources. Increased access to credit allows women to invest in income-generating activities such as agriculture, animal husbandry, handicrafts, food processing and rural services, leading to enhanced household income and economic security. NRLM also plays a crucial role in skill development and
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