An escalator is a moving staircase used to transport people between different floors or levels of a building. It is commonly installed in shopping malls, airports, metro stations, departmental stores, and other public buildings where large volumes of pedestrian traffic need to be managed efficiently. Escalators are designed to provide continuous movement of people, reducing waiting time and improving convenience compared to fixed staircases or elevators. In modern building design and maintenance planning, escalators are considered an important component of vertical transportation systems. The basic structure of an escalator consists of a motor-driven chain of steps that move in a continuous loop. Each step has a pair of wheels attached to it, which run on tracks located inside the escalator structure. The steps remain horizontal while moving, ensuring passenger safety and comfort. The escalator system also includes handrails that move at the same speed as the steps, providing balance and support to passengers while they are riding. The main components of an escalator include steps, truss, motor, drive system, landing platforms, handrails, and control systems. The truss is the metal framework that supports the entire escalator structure. It is usually made of steel and provides strength and stability to the system. The truss houses the mechanical components such as drive chains, tracks, and electrical wiring. The motor is the main power source of the escalator. It converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to move the step chain. The motor is connected to a gearbox that controls the speed and torque of the escalator, ensuring smooth and safe movement of passengers. The working of an escalator is based on a simple mechanical principle of continuous loop movement. When the escalator is switched on, the electric motor starts rotating. This rotation is transmitted to the drive system through gears and chains. The drive system then moves the step chain, which is connected to a series of steps. These steps move along two sets of tracks — one for the upward movement and one for the downward movement. As the steps reach the top or bottom landing platforms, they flatten out to allow passengers to step on or off safely. After reaching the landing area, the steps return underneath the escalator structure and begin the cycle again. Handrails are an important safety feature of escalators. They move at the same speed as the steps to provide support and stability to passengers. The handrail system consists of a rubber