IGNOU BESC 132 2026 - School education governance in India involves multiple actor

Question

School education governance in India involves multiple actors. Briefly explain the roles of Centre and State governments, and add one point on the role of non-government institutions with special reference to PPP/non-state actors.

06 Mar 2026

Answer :

Word Count : 592

School education governance in India is a shared responsibility involving multiple actors working at different levels. The governance structure is broadly divided between the central government, state governments, and non-governmental stakeholders. The Constitution of India places education under the concurrent list, allowing both the union and state authorities to participate in policy-making and implementation. The role of the central government is mainly concerned with policy guidance, financial assistance, and maintaining national standards in education. The Ministry of Education (India) plays a significant role in designing national-level educational programmes, research initiatives, and monitoring quality assurance mechanisms across the country. The Centre government is primarily responsible for formulating broad educational policies and frameworks that guide the development of school education. It introduces national-level schemes aimed at improving access, equity, and quality of education. Financial support is provided to states through centrally sponsored schemes, particularly for strengthening infrastructure, teacher training, and inclusion of disadvantaged groups. The central government also promotes innovation, digital education, and curriculum modernization. Institutions under the central authority help in conducting research, assessment, and standard setting for learning outcomes. Moreover, the Centre plays a crucial role in maintaining uniformity in educational standards across different regions while respecting state autonomy in implementation. The role of state governments is

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