Question
Origin of Solidarity Movement and Poland
Answer :
Word Count : 494
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सॉलिडैरिटी आंदोलन की उत्पत्ति पोलैंड में 1980 के दशक में हुई, जब वहां की समाजवादी सरकार के विरुद्ध आम जनता और श्रमिक वर्ग ने अहिंसात्मक ढंग से संघर्ष छेड़ा। द्वितीय विश्वयुद्ध के बाद पोलैंड पर सोवियत संघ के प्रभाव के चलते वहां साम्यवादी शासन स्थापित हुआ। यह शासन राजनीतिक स्वतंत्रता और सामाजिक जीवन पर कड़े नियंत्रण के लिए कुख्यात था। मजदूरों की स्थिति अत्यंत दयनीय थी और सरकार किसी भी प्रकार के विरोध को कुचलने का प्रयास करती थी। इस पृष्ठभूमि में सॉलिडैरिटी आंदोलन का बीजारोपण हुआ। 1970 और 1976 में पोलैंड में मजदूरों ने मजदूरी और जीवन-स्तर सुधारने की मांग को लेकर हड़तालें कीं, जिन्हें सरकार ने हिंसात्मक ढंग से दबा दिया। किंतु इन आंदोलनों ने असंतोष की आग को दबने नहीं दिया।
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