On-the-job training is an essential method used in industries to impart practical knowledge, skills, and safety awareness directly at the workplace. It allows employees to learn while performing their regular duties under the supervision of experienced workers, supervisors, or trainers. This type of training is particularly significant in the context of industrial safety, as it provides real-time exposure to machinery, equipment, and workplace hazards while instilling knowledge of safety rules, regulations, and acts. The Factories Act, 1948, the Mines Act, 1952, and other safety legislations stress the importance of proper training to reduce accidents and improve efficiency. Various methods of on-the-job training are adopted depending on the nature of work, type of industry, and safety requirements. One of the most widely used methods is the job rotation method. In this approach, employees are moved from one job to another within the factory so that they can learn multiple tasks. For example, in a chemical plant, a worker may be rotated between the mixing unit, packaging section, and quality testing department. This not only broadens their skills but also improves safety because the worker understands how different processes are interlinked and what hazards are involved at each stage. Job rotation reduces monotony, improves adaptability, and ensures that in the absence of one worker, another can take charge. From a safety perspective, it makes workers aware of multiple risks and teaches them preventive measures as laid down in safety acts and industrial rules. Another method is coaching, where an experienced supervisor or senior worker provides continuous guidance and feedback to a trainee. The trainee learns by observing and imitating the expert. For example, in a mechanical engineering workshop, a new worker may be coached by a senior technician on the safe use of lathes, drilling machines, and welding equipment. The coach not only teaches the technical skill but also emphasizes on safety precautions like wearing protective goggles, using guards, and following lockout-tagout procedures. Coaching is particularly effective in hazardous industries such as mining or construction where improper handling of equipment can lead to serious accidents. Under the safety provisions of industrial acts, coaching ensures that employees are