The National Action Plan on Climate Change is an important policy framework introduced by the Government of India in 2008 to address the growing challenge of climate change while ensuring sustainable development. It was launched with the vision of creating a balance between environmental protection and economic growth. The plan recognizes that climate change is not only an environmental issue but also a developmental challenge that affects agriculture, water resources, forests, health, and energy security. By integrating climate change strategies with national development goals, the National Action Plan reflects the country’s commitment to low-carbon pathways and adaptation measures. Its central principle is to promote sustainable growth through the use of clean technologies, efficient resource utilization, and resilience-building among vulnerable communities. The plan is built on the understanding that India, while contributing relatively less to global greenhouse gas emissions, is highly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change. Rising temperatures, unpredictable monsoon patterns, glacial retreat, sea level rise, and increasing frequency of extreme weather events pose significant risks to millions of people, especially the poor and marginalized groups who depend directly on natural resources. Therefore, the National Action Plan emphasizes that addressing climate change should go hand in hand with poverty eradication, energy security, and inclusive growth. It places emphasis on indigenous technological innovation and policy interventions that minimize emission intensity without compromising the need for rapid development. The core of the plan lies in its eight national missions, each focusing on a specific area of climate change mitigation and adaptation. The first is the National Solar Mission, which aims to promote the use of solar energy in the country. Its objective is to make India a global leader in solar technology by increasing solar power generation capacity and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. This mission seeks to achieve large-scale deployment of solar power projects, encourage decentralized solar applications, and expand research and development in solar technology. The mission also envisions reducing the cost of solar power so that it becomes competitive with conventional energy sources. The second is the National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency, which focuses on improving energy efficiency across different sectors of the economy. It introduces market-based mechanisms to promote efficiency, such as Perform, Achieve, and Trade schemes, which allow energy-intensive industries to earn credits by achieving targets and trade them with others. It also emphasizes the promotion of energy-efficient appliances and the use of financial mechanisms to encourage energy savings in households and industries. This mission highlights that energy efficiency is one of the